ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREECLAMSIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia remains a major maternal health problem and is one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various maternal factors have been associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia, but the findings remain inconsistent across different studies.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the maternal risk factors associated with preeclampsia among pregnant women.Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using articles obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected according to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Data were analyzed through qualitative synthesis.Results: The review identified several factors significantly associated with preeclampsia, including maternal age, obesity, history of hypertension, parity, inadequate antenatal care (ANC), maternal stress, chronic diseases, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Maternal age, obesity, and hypertension history were the most frequently reported risk factors across the included studies.Conclusions: Maternal age, obesity, hypertension history, parity, and inadequate ANC attendance are important determinants of preeclampsia. Strengthening early detection, maternal education, and antenatal care services is essential to reduce the incidence and complications of preeclampsia.